Cyclone Nilam

Cyclonic Storm Nilam (IMD designation: BOB 02, JTWC designation: 02B, also known as Cyclone Nilam) was the worst tropical cyclone to directly affect south India since Cyclone Jal in 2010. Originating from an area of low pressure over the Bay of Bengal on October 28, the system began as a weak depression 550 km (340 mi) east-northeast of Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. Over the following few days, the depression gradually intensified into a deep depression, and subsequently a Cyclonic Storm by October 30. It made landfall near Mahabalipuram on October 31 as a strong Cyclonic Storm with peak winds of 85 km/h (50 mph).In Chennai's Marina Beach, strong winds pushed piles of sand ashore and seawater reached nearly a 100 meters inland. Schools and Colleges in the city remained closed for more than three days. More than 3000 people were evacuated around Mahabalipuram in the wake of the storm. Schools and colleges in Chennai declared holidays until 1 November as 282 schools had been converted into r elief centers. Government offices and private organisations closed their operatins by 3 pm to ease traffic congestion. Cyclone shelters had been arranged in Nagapattinam and Cuddalore districts.Mahabalipuram faced power outages and 90 trees were uprooted and two huts were damaged. While damages to property were considerable, human casualties were very few. Nilam was initially estimated to have caused economic losses of around 700 million (US$12. 74 million) to 800 million (US$14. 56 million). The figures soon went up to 100 crore (US$18. 2 million). Later, as the Andhra Pradesh government conducted their review on the storm, it was revealed that the state suffered huge economic losses of 200 crore (US$36. 4 million).

Hall Cases Essay

INTERNAL CONTROL CASES 1. Solution Smith’s Market a), b) See diagrams on the following pages. c) Internal Control Weaknesses 1) Access to the cash drawers by sales clerks requires more accountability. Each drawer is accessed by various clerks throughout the day and cash may be withdrawn by any of them. 2) The internal cash register tape should be used as a control to determine how much cash (including checks, and credit card vouchers) should be in the register drawer. 3) The shift supervisor does not sign for the specific amount of cash received or returned at the end of the day. He simply logs the drawers in and out. 4) The treasury clerk is unsupervised in the counting of cash. 5) The treasury clerk has asset custody and responsibility for recording sales and cash in the journal and General Ledger. d) 2.Solution to Spice is Right a), b), See diagrams on the following pages. c) Internal Control Weaknesses 1) No credit check 2) Inventory control function is performed by warehouse clerk. 3) Accounting department bills customer, updates the AR account, and records sales in the Sales Journal thus reducing the opportunity to detect discrepancies between total sales and AR postings. 4) Customer is billed before order is actually shipped 5) Remittance List should be prepared in the mailroom 6) No journal voucher prepared by cash receipts clerk. 7) Cash receipts clerk does not prepare a deposit slip. d) IT Controls for Basic Technology System e) Flowchart of revised system Student responses will vary for this part of the assignment. The following issues, however, need to be addressed. Upgrade stand-alone computers to a networked environment The internal control problems already covered that need to be corrected in the new system. 3. Solution to ABE Plumbing a), b) See diagrams on the following pages. c) Internal Control Weaknesses 1) No Credit check is performed. 2) The sales clerk closes the open sales order causing the sale to be recorded before the goods are actually shipped. 3) The warehouse clerk has asset custody and should not also update the inventory records. 4)The shipping clerk does not reconcile the stock release with the original order. This allows for the wrong items and or quantities to be shipped. 5) Customer is billed before the goods are shipped. Billing should be triggered by shipping notice. Instead, the customer invoice is printed from  the closed sales order, which was prepared before the goods were shipped. d) Flowchart of revised system Student responses will vary for this part of the assignment. The following issues, however, need to be addressed. The internal control problems already covered that need to be corrected in the new system. A system configuration similar to figure 4-18 would be appropriate. 4. Solution to Walker Books a), b), See diagrams on the following pages. c) Internal Control Weaknesses Sales Processing: 1) The credit check is performed by the sales representative 2) The sales department should not be maintain the sales journal 3) The warehouse should not be updating inventory subsidiary ledger Cash Receipts 4) Mail room workers have access to both check and remittance advices. This situation require a reduced span of control and separate mail room procedures for customer payments vs routine mail. 5) The accounts receivable clerk has access to both the checks and the customer accounts d)IT Controls for Basic Technology System e) Revised System Walker Books System Student responses will vary for this part of the assignment but should address the internal control issues already covered. 5. Solution to AV Safety, Inc. a), b), d) See diagrams on the following pages. c) Internal Control Weaknesses 1) No credit check is performed 2) Sales journal is updated before the goods are shipped 3) Warehouse clerk has access to inventory and also update the inventory ledger 4) Mailroom clerk has access to both the remittance advice and the checks, no remittance list id prepared. 5) AR clerk has access to both the checks and the remittance advices d) IT Controls for a Basic Technology System e) Student responses will vary for this part of the assignment, but should address the internal control issues identified above. 6.Solution to Premier Sports Memorabilia a), b), d) See diagrams on the following pages. c) Internal Control Weaknesses 1) Transaction is recorded in Sales Journal before goods are shipped. 2) Warehouse and Shipping functions are combined. This removes control over picking and shipping the wrong products. 3) Mail room clerk should prepare a remittance list to control remittance advices and checks 4) Although not stated in the case as aproblem, the auditor should evaluate network access controls (passwords, access privileges) to ensure a proper segregation of duties d) IT Controls e) Student solutions to this part of the case will vary. The solution should address the control issues identified in part C. 7. Solution to Bait ‘n Reel a, b, and e, see pages that follow c) Internal Control Weaknesses 1) The sales clerk performs the credit check this is a segregation of duties and transaction authorization problem. 2) Warehouse should not update the inventory and General ledger control accounts. 3) AR Clerk should not update the general ledger. 4) Billing and AR are combined. This structure will mask discrepancies between what was billed and what was recorded as a sale. 5) Supervision is needed in the mailroom because employees who open the mail have access to both cash and the remittance advice. 5) The cash receipts clerk has access to the assets (cash) and is responsible for updating the general ledger. 6) See 3 above. d)It Controls

Food Insecurity. Definition, Reasons, Causes and Status Essay

Food Insecurity. Definition, Reasons, Causes and Status - Essay Example In the discussion, the focus will remain on reviewing what food insecurity denotes, what causes it and the consequences that accrue thereof. The discussion is based on a critical evaluation of peer-reviewed literature beginning with the definition and then discussing what causes it, and how it emerges in the developing world. Defining and Contextualizing Food Insecurity The Context of Food Security Since the 1970s, the term food insecurity has been differently used to refer to numerous related but often diverse concepts. Yu, You, and Fan (2010) argue, â€Å"there are various descriptions of food security plus the concepts of food security that have evolved, in the previous 30 years, to reflect the transformation in official policy thinking† (p. 30). This variant understanding of food security and insecurity has been explored by Clay (2002) since the World Food Conference initiated a discussion of food security in the early 1970s, both at the national and international level. A s shall emerge hereunder, food security encompasses questions of food supply, food availability, food price stability, geographical locations and typology of available food (Bernstein, Crow and Johnson, 1992, pp. 34 - 71). However, to understand the term food insecurity, it is essential to first contextualize the term food security. According to the United Nations, food security should be defined as â€Å"all people at all times having both physical and economic access to the basic food they need† (Clay, 2002, p. 4). According to UN figures, nearly 1 billion people in the world today are not guaranteed that they can access, afford and always find adequate food. For these 2 billion people, they may not be hungry and in critical need of food, but they cannot guarantee that they will have anything to eat tomorrow to sufficiently sustain their health. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (2013), â€Å"a total of 842 million people in 2011–2013, or about one in eight individuals globally, were anticipated to be suffering from chronic hunger, regularly not getting enough food to conduct an active life† ( ¶7). While this figure is relatively lower when compared to the 868 million people reported between 2010 and 2012, and while the number of undernourished people has reduced with 17% from what was recorded between 1990 and 1992, food insecurity is still a major global problem. As such, they are insecure about the source of their requisite diets, where to find food, when and whether such food would be affordable when accessed (Curtis, Hubbard and Shepherd, 1988, 37). This context thus introduces the dynamics of food security, a complicated process determined by numerous factors from poverty levels to climatic conditions, from geography to governance, from education and awareness to culture (Grigg, 1993, p. 21; Curtis, Hubbard and Shepherd, 1988, p. 61; Bernstein, Crow and Johnson, 1992, p. 69; Kent, 1984, p. 23). The key question, therefore, is about guarantee that food will be available when needed, as well as which type of food will be avai

SAM 450 UNIT 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SAM 450 UNIT 8 - Assignment Example However, there are certain fundamental elements of corporate sponsorships that are worth noting. These include advertising and sponsored property. In this regard, whereas the sponsor agrees to sponsor an athlete or sporting club, the sponsor also benefits through television adverts, which are aired during the programme breaks. Accordingly, it becomes clear that corporate sponsorship aims to create a mutual benefit between the sponsor and the sponsored. However, before entering into a sponsorship agreement, there are certain fundamental considerations that an athlete or a sporting club and the sponsor should take into consideration. Firstly, both parties must ensure that the sponsorship agreement being entered into will create mutual benefit (Stier, 2011). In this case, the sponsored party must ensure that the sponsor is worth the money. Similarly, the sponsor must also ensure that the athlete or the sporting club to be sponsored can attract large audience viewing to enable its product brand reach many people. Secondly, the parties to the sponsorship agreements must ensure that they all the terms of engagements, including the sponsorship duration, circumstances that might result into termination of the agreements and renewal terms. Thirdly, it is critical for the parties to sponsorship agreements to agree on the sponsorship fees before entering into a written agreement. Lastly, the parties to the sponsorship agreement should ensure that the obligations of both the athlete or sporting club and the sponsor are clearly defined and documented to minimize chances of

Evaluating an International Human Resource Strategy (TESCO) Essay

Evaluating an International Human Resource Strategy (TESCO) - Essay Example Moreover, I would be discussing the entire chunk of international HR strategy into the following five major and broad categories, namely; In addition, I would be stressing out the major issues which the Tesco Plc representatives and it HR department would have to be catered with when extending and flourishing its activities into another region of world on the basis of contractual relationships with its new appointed joint venture partners. Furthermore, I would also be discussing and detailing out some of the other relevant aspects and areas related to Tesco plc, which would probably be including; Hence, the overall and comprehensive purpose of this report is the evaluation, recommendation and analysis of vital and relevant international HR strategies and issues with which Tesco Plc would be challenged when it plan out to take certain growth initiatives under is business circle with its foreign joint venture partner in the market area of China. Tesco PLC  is one of the largest and popular British  multinational  Company which is directly engaged and associated in the business of grocery and general nature merchandise retailer, having its headquarter in  Cheshunt, Hertfordshire in England, United Kingdom (Tescoplc.com, 2014). Furthermore, Tesco Plc is recognized as the second largest retailer all over the globe, after  Wal-Mart, when it comes to the measurement of its overall profits and revenues. Company is quite successful in establishing its chain of merchandise stores in more than 12 countries scattered all around the regions of Asia,  North America, Malaysia, Thailand, the  Republic of Ireland and Europe (Reuters, 2014). In addition, Tesco Plc is essentially considered as one of the grocery market leader in entire region of the UK, where it accumulates the overall market share of approximately 30% on aggregate basis in similar industry. Historically speaking, Tesco

Cost of Dying and effects of healthcare delivery system Thesis

Cost of Dying and effects of healthcare delivery system - Thesis Example These can mostly be achieved by designing long-term care facilities or homes to suit their mental and physical requirements. Hospice care is another major facility which caters to the dying during their last few months of life when they are in any terminal or chronic illness and when curative treatment is not feasible. However hospice care has not been accepted by all the people in their dying days. Barriers exist which prevent their opting for this facility. The phenomena of interest in this study lie in the care for the dying and various situations including the budgets allocated in present day circumstances for the terminal patients. The budgets involved in caring for the dying are now booming so much that finances are increasingly being channeled into it. A comparison of the total health expenditures in relationship to GDP shows an immense difference in the increase in the US when considered against other countries (See Appendix B). The intention of hospice care is to provide int ensive care for the dying in their last days. A good team of doctors and nurses, drugs and the latest technology together have made the terminal care expensive. However, in spite of the arrangements, people are opting to spend their last days in nursing homes rather than in hospice care. This paper intends to demonstrate the underutilization of hospice care, why there is resistance to hospice care from physicians and families, and how hospice care can be integrated into the continuity of care. Dr.Cicely Saunders founded the modern hospice concept (Biskupiak, 2005). The study aims to search for the various literature available on the cost of dying and the services of the healthcare system for the dying in the terminal stages. It would be interesting to explore how much of the invested amount is actually availed of during the dying phase. Statistics show that much of this amount is not

Hyper Secretion of Mucus Results in the Production of Sputum Essay

Hyper Secretion of Mucus Results in the Production of Sputum - Essay Example John has a history of previously smoking for 28 years and stopped when diagnosed with the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has had asthma since he was a teenager, which is being treated with inhalers. John’s airway, breathing, and circulation was checked on arrival to identify any actual or potential problems. These observations are taken on admission as an initial assessment and management of a patient during their stay on HDU. They provide a baseline for future comparison, to monitor the patient condition during treatment and to monitor the patient’s response to treatment or medication. Whilst on HDU, John started developing respiratory problems like shortness of breath (dyspnea) with a raised respiratory rate 33 along with low oxygen saturation 88% (hypoxemia). Hypoxemia may lead to anxiety, dyspnea, and a reduction in oxygen saturation. The effect of a lowered cardiac output, poor circulation, and potential lung dysfunction may cause a drop in oxygen to tissues affecting other organs, which is why I will administer 2L of oxygen to Jack via nasal cannula. I, then, went on to assess John’s circulation where I found his skin colour, capillary refill, and fluid balance to be normal. His blood pressure was slightly raised 180/120. John’s temperature was 37 and I found his skin to be slightly moist. John pulse was 88, strong and bounding, following a sinus rhythm. Disability was assessed next and I found John’s Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) to be 15/15 and he was alert. His blood glucose was normal; however, his pain score was 7/10 so I administered some analgesia.

Play Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Play - Essay Example Both Jay and Billy are surprised to find no one else for attending the funeral. Wondering about the shape and color of the funeral urn, Billy finds from Jay that he wanted to have a proper death Jar as this urn, for his father, instead of going for depressing grey ones. This shows the feeling of Jay for the deceased, as he wanted the funeral to be bright. Perhaps this is the reason for him being disappointed to find a dark empty room, as he entered the hall. The father of these siblings has died and the urn is for his funeral, although he had been an atheist. However, the setting has little relevance to the urn and the church, as sister and brother virtually fight over the kind of life their father lived. While their parents had divorced, mother was suspected to have cheated upon their father, when he was away from home, to Russia. She married another man, Peter and betrayed their father. The reason for their failure to see each other, for a long time, has its root in the breaking of family, many years back. While their mother did not attend the funeral, other relatives avoided it, fearing that she would be there. The play highlights the grudge these siblings have against each other, as they feel that each-one has taken the side of father or mother. While they feel justified for taking such action, the oral fight resulted in the violence, as Jay cobra strikes his sister and she hits back, during the funeral setting, as both tried to defend their deeds. However, the theme of the play is strikingly conveyed to the audience in its last dialogue, when both miss having a family where brother and sister could live together. They are together, emotionally, for that moment, at-least. (Screenplays) This play by Ryan Isenhart has two characters, Jackie Keller and Wesley O’Connor, both around the age of 60 years. While both have been fighters, Jackie has won prize, in such contests. The theme of the play lies in the fighting spirit, which both have,

Understanding the concepts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Understanding the concepts - Essay Example The ideal ratio is 2:1. Inventory turnover ratio = cost of goods sold/ average inventory. It will be compared between firms to check the efficiency in inventory management. High inventory turnover ratio indicates sound inventory management. Return on capital employed = (profit before interest and tax/average capital employed)*100. It will be compared to check how much return the firms are earning in respect of the gross resources been deployed in the firm (Bull, 2007). 2. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of debt financing and why an organization would choose to issue stocks rather than bonds to generate funds. Ans. The primary advantage of debt financing is its allowing the founders to retain control and ownership of company. In contrast to equity financing, it enables the entrepreneurs to make key strategic decisions and to reinvest and keep more company profits. It also provides small business owners the greater degree of financial freedom than equity financing. Debt obliga tions are limited to the period of loan repayment after which no further claim can be made by the lender on the business. The main disadvantage of debt financing is its requiring the small business to make monthly payments of interest and principal regularly. Most lenders provide severe penalties for missed or late payments including charging of late fees, calling early the due loans and collateral possession. Failure to pay on loan can affect adversely the credit rating of small business and its ability of obtaining future financing. Also it will be difficult to obtain loans for unproven businesses since lenders seek security for their funds (Creamer, et al., 1960). An advantage of stock over bond are-One of the major advantage of stock is its unlimited potential. There is no ceiling on investment in buying stocks. The stock price can double, triple or may get multiplied. Stocks tend to have better performance over bonds in case of long term investment. Money may be lost in some ye ars for wide fluctuation in stock market but it will give better return to investors in long term. Trading with stocks facilitate transaction. 3. Discuss how financial returns are related to risk. Ans. Gain or loss from investment is derived from the relation between financial risk and return. If an investor invests in securities having low risk then it will have a small return. If the risk factor associated with security is high then investor could have the potential to earn high returns. The balance between highest possible return and lowest possible risk is given by the risk/return trade-off. A standard deviation indicates higher risk with higher possible return. 4. Describe the concept of beta and how it is used. Ans. Beta can be defined as the measure of volatility or systematic risk of portfolio or security as compared to market as a whole. It is the tendency of return on a security in respond to market swings. Beta is used in capital asset pricing model (CAPM) which calculate s expected return of an asset on the basis of its beta value and expected market returns using regression analysis. Beta is otherwise known as beta coefficient. Beta equals to one indicates movement of security’s price with market movement. Beta less than one indicate security will be less volatile

Health Policy Issues and Analysis Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Health Policy Issues and Analysis - Article Example The arrangement ensures that ll citizens of the U.S. would be covered for all clinically necessary services such as hospital, doctor, preventive, mental health, long-term care, dental, reproductive health care and prescription drug costs. This article seeks to to declare that the ObamaCare scheme is inferior to the single-payer system. Single-payer (Nationa health care) systems are administratively less complicated. They normally spend merely a portion of what pluralistic health indemnity systems expend on administrative costs, leaving more of national health care spending for health care proper. One explanation why these systems splurge less on paperwork is that they are the superlative stage for a logical electronic information and communication infrastructure, with a universally joint organization. In the single-payer scheme, spending on heath care and utilization trends can be traced electronically. In this case, electronically transmitted health care information sidelines intermediaries that increase the cost of claims by individuals. 1 unlike the ObamaCare system, the total cost of heath care in single-payer scheme is comparatively low since a save in the administration cost will trickle down to the premium payable by the Americans. The single- payer program will be funded through dollars redeemed from replacing the current inefficient and profit oriented multiple insurance players with a solitary streamlined nonprofit public scheme. In the scheme, individuals will make contributions regarding their ability to pay. In addition, the single payer scheme eliminates all forms of premiums leading to households saving their income. Unlike the ObamaCare system where individuals are not at liberty to pick their choice hospitals or doctors, single payer system gives patient free choice of hospitals and doctors. Single-payer schemes are ideal for implementing an

In the country of men Essay Example for Free

In the country of men Essay Hisham Matar presents In the Country of Men as a national allegory. This is done through metaphors, personification, and characters’ relationships. His purposes for writing this novel were political. A national allegory is any attribution of human characteristics to other animals, non-living things, material states, objects or abstract concepts, such as organizations or governments1 of a nation or its people. 2 Fredric Jameson, with ideas more suitable for the novel than Aijaz Ahmad, was first to think of national allegory. 3 Jameson states that third-world literature must be a national allegory because of the state of its embattled culture and society. A political dimension is always present from the nature of the third-world as opposed to capitalism in the first-world, which enables their public and government to focus on luxuries rather than survival. Ahmed argues that Jameson fails to recognize other third-world novels with different forms of literature because he only considers English written novels. 4 In times of war when the government controls the public’s lives, third-world writers can only search to write in a national allegory, otherwise, torture would be eminent. Political dimensions are always present from the nature of the third-world. National allegory writing emphasizes the political situation of the government. 5 Hisham Matar wrote In the Country of Men for a political purpose. The book may be fiction, but it seems to be drawn upon by real-life events. Writers then were tortured by the revolutionary committee and imprisoned, similar to Ustath Rashid. An interview with Matar reads â€Å"Because of the fear Gadhafi inspired in the intellectual community, many Libyan writers turned to allegory to make their work opaque to the regime. But Matars own writing is more forthright about political experiences — he says that when he decided to set his novel in Libya in the late 1970s, it seemed inauthentic and insincere to not include the extraordinary details of the time†. 6 Writers created allegories so that their ideas on the Libyan regime would not be transparent. Those who were caught were imprisoned. Books were gathered from bookshops and burned like Baba’s were, therefore representing a national allegory. The fact that Matar grew up in Cairo influences the ending of the novel and other aspects of the storyline. His father was kidnapped from his home in Cairo and taken back to Libya where he was tortured and imprisoned, corresponding with Baba’s capture. His uncle and two cousins were imprisoned as well. When they were finally released, his uncle would ask him if he remembered things they used to do together. 7 The child memories recounted inspired the innocence of having a child narrator to be an allegory of the younger generation of the nation, therefore representing a national allegory for a political purpose. The mother and son represent two generations of the country. Their intimate relationship and care for one another is a metaphor for how the country should care for their people and their people towards it. Both are inferior in society, Mama a woman and Suleiman a child. It seems that the title of the novel demonstrates that they are controlled by the men of society. They rely on one another to survive when Baba, the superior figure, is gone. Mama and Suleiman are the only functioning relationship from start to end. The mother cares for her son and compensates him if she does something wrong. Suleiman cares for her and watches after her while Baba is away. They can represent hope for a new and better government in Libya to come. Metaphors and imagery of water compare people and society to actions of the sea, exposing the novel as a national allegory. When Ustath Rashid was hung the crowd responded; â€Å"Like a wave rising, cheering became louder†. 8 The crowd flowed together in a solid movement, influenced by the revolutionary committee’s actions. Those who associated with writers against the revolution were suspected of treason. If the crowd of the hanging did not cheer, they may be hung next. Suleiman and Mama were not allowed to talk to Kareem’s family when his father was accused. The revolution moved as one and like a wave, gathering others as it moved forward. Suleiman finds a calming peace with the soft waves of the sea. It was the only hope he could find in the revolution. â€Å"I held the sea as my target, my paradise.. Low wavelets curled their white foamy edges across the turquoise face of the water†. 9 He uses the sea to escape from the heat of the day and the pressures of society. The edges are more subtle than the centre. He stays on the edge of society so he can escape the movement of the revolution. The motions of the sea can be unknown and dangerous, similar to the movement of the revolution. Matar uses personification to dehumanize characters. This shows that this novel is a national allegory. Baba becomes an object once the revolutionary committee release him. His eyes were described as â€Å"tomatoes†10 and his movements as â€Å"mechanical†. 11 He was nothing but a â€Å"figure†12 and a â€Å"monster†. 13 Suleiman did not believe the man was his father. This eliminates any human aspects he once had, being consumed by the revolution. The revolutionary committee controls the public by turning their lives into objects. Therefore, personification shows how Matar wrote this as a national allegory. By analyzing metaphors, personification, and characters’ relationships, it is evident that Matar wrote In the Country of Men as a national allegory. The interview with Matar provides evidence that his intentions behind the novel, personal and political, were to write it as a national allegory. Jameson’s ideas on the nature of third-world text hold for this novel. The objectifying and dehumanization of characters through metaphors and personification develop a meaning for the novel beyond a struggling family, but a national allegory. Bibliography Ahmad, Aijaz, ‘Jameson’s Rhtoric of Otherness and the â€Å"National Allegory†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, Social Text, 17 (1987), 3-25. ‘Anthropomorphism’, Wikipedia (13 November 2012) [25 November 2012]. Jameson, Fredric, ‘Third World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism’, Social Text, 15 (1986), 65-88. Krishnan, Madhu. ‘Contemporary Fiction: Booker Prize,’ (Lecture 1 Given on 13 November 2012). Matar, Hisham, In the Country of Men (80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England: Penguin Books Ltd. , 2006). Montagne, Renee, ‘Hisham Matar On The Power Of Libyan Fiction’, NPR (April 28, 2011) , 23 November 2012. ‘National Personification’, Wikipedia (16 November 2012) [25 November 2012].

How death penalty can prevent repeat offenders

How death penalty can prevent repeat offenders Sentence to death penalty seldom arises in criminal cases like murder, robbery with violence, forgery amongst others. This paper shall look into: How death penalty can prevent repeat offenders, how it provides justice, how it acts as deterrent when properly implemented, the costs associated to the victims and the offenders; and finally how the long justice process associated with it affect or help the offended. Origin of death penalty This is dated back to 18th century, in the code of king Hammaurabi of Babylon that involved death penalty of 25 different cases. Death penalty was as well part of 14th Century B.Cs Hittite Code, this made death penalty as the punishment for crimes, and such were done through beating, stoning, and burning alive and other crude methods  [1]  . This was later replaced with hanging. The cases that led to death penalties included marrying a Jew, failure to confess sins and treason; these mainly took place in Britain. In Britain, this law was reformed due to severity of the death sentence; this took place in1823 to 1837 by allowing a number of offenders free. Britain influenced America to adopt the capital punishment even for the slightest crime like stealing the grapes .Though in US it varied from state to state. A leading Case of death Penalty In Clark Circuit Court, a case involving a 23 year old Christian and her 11 month baby. These were allegedly murdered by Zachariah the husband and the father of the victims. He stuffed the two in a plastic bag. Autopsy revealed the wife was strangled to death and the child died out of suffocation. Meanwhile Zachariah was out on supervised probation on charges of burglary  [2]  . He admitted to have committed the crime; pled guilty of three counts of murder, and was sentence to life imprisonment with no parole on count, life imprisonment with no parole on count, and 65 years of imprisonment on a fixed term on count. Death Penalty prevents future offenders or murderers The society must lead in fighting for the fundamental rights and freedom of people and this include right to life and hence anyone trying to take this away should be capitally punished to avoid those prospecting to commit the same  [3]  . According to a report by Michigan State University Lab and Death Penalty Information Centre, 2000 -2004.The rates of murders reduces with more convictions of murderers. Though the slow process of justice delays determination of the case affecting the outcome; death penalties need to be fast to be a sure way of deterring the criminals. Ironically, some states do not have death penalties and still record lower criminal cases, but this should not be used as an argument for this vice. This, if allowed for example in the U.S; things can be worst; in that even with death penalties crime rates are still high. Generally, this report concludes that most people fear death and hence death penalty can be used to prevent further criminal acts in the society. Death Penalty does not prevent future offenders or murderers In the above report, it is believed that the society isnt happy with death penalties, and hence its practice may increase the likelihood of more murders. In America, states that do not apply the death penalties have generally lower crime rates including murder cases. Besides, in most European countries and in Canada there are fewer cases of murder compared to the America yet; they do not use the death penalty as the capital punishment for murder. Most of the offenders normally do not consider the death penalty before the actual murder because they commit this out of anger or through drug influence. In America it is reported that most the murder related cases are link to substance abuse. Infact, most states in America have adopted the sentence of life in jail without parole, and hence the offenders will never be released thereby; the security of the society is assured, most of whom tend to settle down in life as prisoners and are rarely a threat again to the community, as opposed to d eath penalty that society perceive to be brutal and in human. Alternatives to death penalty The death penalty has been an issue of great concern among most of the Americans and policymakers have been trying to devise alternatives. The various alternatives have been contested heavily by both the proponents and the opponents. However, there is an overarching concern among most of the America and that the death penalty must be dispensed with and this emanates from both the moral and legal platforms. According to opinion polls carried out in America today there a strong support for the abolition of the death penalty and most of the Americans are advocating for its abolition. The death penalty has been blamed for being used as a tool of racial injustice in the criminal justice system. Alternatives to death penalty include: life imprisonment without parole and restitution, this is less costly than death sentence an keeps the offender away from the society. Restitution, the prisoner will be working while in jail and all the money made goes back to support the family of the victim. Another solution though, controversial is allowing the offenders after serving the jail term to go back to the society where they continue working in the community to support victims family post-release restitution. Rehabilitation or reformatories can also be put in place, this has been used to reform young offenders under the age of twenty; turning their lives around  [4]  . It is as well suggested to be applied to reform the older offenders. Costs of death penalty Privately appealing a capital offence is expensive and hence the poor may not be able get justice, tax money is also used to keep offenders in jail of whom some may be innocent. Most of the offenders and their relatives suffer emotional stress during the slow justice process  [5]  . The death penalty is regarded as an excessive to law and is socially and morally degrading. Recommendations Life is regarded extremely sacred in the society, this does not matter how one kills another. Hanging one in name of crime, however much it could be legal sparks debate. The alternative death penalties described in this paper should not be used by offenders as a gap to commit crime. I still recommend stiffer penalties that could help deter further criminal activities. The rehabilitation and reformation recommendations is a good idea because in most cases under -age offenders involved in such crimes may have acted oblivious of the outcome or accidentally; and hence this opportunity can be used to mould their character other than throwing them to jail; on the contrary , this should not used as a correction tool to adult murderers. Life imprisonment without parole and restitution may be another noble alternative; but it may present a lop-hole in post-release restitution; where the offenders if not supervised well could revert to their usual criminal act. Conclusion This paper has generally discussed death sentence and its results in the society in broader terms. The main issue that, compromises this situation is the enaction of the idea in some countries or states while others do not see it as a good way for correcting a criminal. The option taken by a nation to deter murder should not go against the social ethics or believe; that life is God given. Both schools of thoughts against or for death penalty; should try to reach a common ground to avoid escalarating criminal activities or increasing mortality rate by; either failing to create measures to curb illegality or hanging the murderers respectively.However one fact stands out from the debate, that the death penalty has failed to achieve the intended results that it was intended to and as a result there is a general need for its complete abolition.

A Major Issue In Educational Management Education Essay

A Major Issue In Educational Management Education Essay Education is the concern of each and every individual. It is the backbone of every civilized society. In its centre lies the school. Since the birth of civilization, the school has been a major concern for the rulers and governments. The Education for all (EFA) movement launched at Jomtien, Thailand in 1990, had as aim to bring the benefits of education to every citizen in every society (World Bank 2009). The movement brought a new dimension to education. Developing countries started to invest huge amount of money for the betterment of their education system which they consider as the key to their prosperity. In this process, the school was subjected to great reforms so as to cater for the goals of individuals, societies and nations. The School is a complex open social system. It provides a balance between scientific management and human relations approach. The system is extremely dynamic. In this system the structure is a key element in transforming inputs into outputs. The structure, also called the bureaucratic expectations, defines our role and responsibilities. It has been organized in such a way so as to fulfill the organizations goals (Hoy and Miskel 2004). This dissertation will be based primarily on the bureaucratic part which is a major issue in educational management. The world is flat, Friedman (2005) rightly said. We are witnessing the flattening of structures in all settings and at different levels. The Weberian model of bureaucracy is being questioned. The pyramidal shape structure is becoming irrelevant. Even the school setting has not been left apart. All schools do not follow the same structure; some have an enabling or productive structure whereas others still have a coercive or hindering structure (Hoy and Miskel 2004). Schools are social organizations with set objectives together with their human, financial, material and physical resources (Dash and Dash 2008). Therefore, school management is a crucial and complex matter. The one responsible for managing these resources is usually centered on one person who is called the headmaster or principal or rector. He has the responsibility of both the internal and external management of the school. This situation no longer holds good. Reforms were necessary in different spheres, settings and levels in order to bring change and transformation in school management. School management is a cooperative human endeavor, as Dash and Dash (2008) rightly pointed out. For an effective school management, teachers, parents, students and even the community members have to cooperate with the head of school (Dash and Dash 2008). This is the description of the concept of decentralization in school management which has been the driving force of educational reforms in the 1990s. Many schools adopted this school-based reform in many developing countries (Ng and Chan 2008). School-based management then came to light. The Economic Note (2007) defined School-based management as the systematic decentralization to the school level of authority and responsibility to make decisions on significant matters related to school operations within a centrally determined framework of goals, policies, curriculum, standards, and accountability. It ensures significant, systematic, and sustained change as well as improving outcomes for every students in whichever settings and contr ibuting socially and economically to a country (Caldwell 2005). Decentralization or school-based management varies from country to country and it can take different shapes (Economic Note 2007). One way of achieving this decentralization is through distributed leadership. Leadership is the new trend in education worldwide. It is crucial for all transformation and innovation (Spillane, Halverson and Diamond 2004). It is about empowering others as partners in leadership (Huber 2004). This concept was meant with the aim of de-loading the duties and responsibilities of the rector. Everyone now share the different responsibilities in managing the school. School management is not a simple task even in a small country like Mauritius, with a population of about 110,000 secondary students and 200 secondary schools. The concept of school-based management has been implemented to some extent even in our local schools. As early as Future in our hands by K. Jagatsing (1979), up to the recent Education and Human Resources Strategy Plan 2008-2020 report, stressed were laid on the concept of decentralization in school management. Our Honorable Minister of Education, Dr. V.K.Bunwaree, talked about the decentralization of school management in these terms : While the School Development Plan is available in all institutions as an indication of the direction to follow, the Rector needs support and resources to make critical decisions on a day-to-day basis. These decisions may well relate to pedagogical matters as much as to disciplinary cases. Nevertheless, it is also vital to understand that a Head of School cannot do it alone. He/She will have to r esort to some delegation of responsibility and especially know when and how to do it (School Management Manual, 2009). New posts were created and distributed leadership is becoming more and more a reality. 1.1 Problem statement The Mauritian education system is very hierarchical where all decisions are centralized on very few individuals. This rigid Weberian model of bureaucracy was inherited from our British colonial past. It had a quite coercive structure which is gradually being changed in an enabling one at all levels from pre-primary to tertiary education. This dissertation will consider the model which has been opted for by the Ministry of Education at secondary school level. There are three types of secondary schools in Mauritius namely State Secondary Schools and State Colleges, Private Secondary Schools and Fee Paying Schools (Ministry of Education and Human Resources 2012). The Private secondary schools can be further classified into private aided and private un-aided schools. These schools are under the aegis of the Private Secondary School Authority (PSSA). Another classification of these schools is based upon their related confessions (PSSA 2012). At secondary school level, all managerial activities are centered on the rector. He is the only one responsible for the smooth running of the school. In the decentralization process of school-based management, the government created some new posts sharing the complex responsibilities of the rector. These posts as well as the duties and responsibilities they are entrusted with, are not the same in state secondary schools and private secondary schools. In Private secondary schools, we have the Head of Department HoD and the Section Leader posts that bring about the distributed leadership in the school-based management process. The HoD is mainly concern with academic issues of the school. Teachers are divided into various departments according to the subjects they teach. The head of department provide leadership to the department. He helps the rector in monitoring teaching and learning in his department (PSSA 2010). The post of Section Leader is a rather new one which has been appointed in 2010 following the Pay Research Bureau recommendations of 2008. This post is exclusively found in Private secondary schools. It is mostly an administrative post. The section leader is responsible the rector in solving indiscipline issues absences, etc. He must assist the rector in planning, organizing and coordinating activities. Pastoral care is also under his responsibility. He is to assist the rector in conducting examinations, preparation and distribution of time-tables (PSSA 2010). This dissertation will analyze to what extent are the heads of department and the section leaders helping the rector in school management. The relevance, effectiveness and efficiency of these posts in private secondary schools will be dealt in depth. 1.2 Aims and objectives 1.2.1 Aims The aim of the study is to find out the efficiency, effectiveness and relevancy of distributed leadership in school-based management in private secondary schools in Mauritius with special reference to the role of section leaders and heads of department. 1.2.2 Objectives To evaluate the impact of distributed leadership in private secondary schools. To find out whether distributed leadership is considered as a solution to the various issues facing private secondary schools. To measure the extent to which the posts of section leader and head of department have decrease the work load of the rector. To evaluate the effectiveness of these posts in bringing flexibility in managing the schools. To evaluate the improvement, if ever, in the relationship between teachers and rectors. To find out the impact of these posts on the teachers and their duties. To find out whether these posts are sources of motivation for teachers or not. To compare the application of these two posts in schools with different settings and measure their respective efficiency, effectiveness and relevancy. 1.3 Research questions According to the objectives of the study, the research questions have been formulated as follows: (1) What is the impact of distributed leadership in secondary schools in general and in private secondary schools in particular? (2) How is distributed leadership being applied in private secondary schools? (3) Is distributed leadership the proper solution in solving issues facing these schools? (4) How is the creation of the post of section leader and HoD decreasing the workload of the rector in these schools? (5) Have these posts brought more flexibility in the school management? (6) Has there been any improvement in teacher-rector relationship by the introduction of section leader and HoD? (7) What is the impact of section leaders and Hods on the teachers and their responsibilities? (8) Is the creation of these posts a motivation for teachers? (9) What are the different responsibilities of section leaders and HoDs in different schools? 1.4 Flow of dissertation Chapter One: This chapter is about the introduction of the dissertation. It comprises of the background, problem statement, aims, objectives and research questions. Distributed leadership is introduced and explained in brief terms from an international to a local perspective with precisions on the posts of HoD and Section leader. Chapter Two: It is the literature review chapter where literatures from the world of education were selected and written down. Both the international and local perspective were taken into account. It starts with definitions and explanations of key terms such as leadership, management and administration in the education sector. Then the school structure and the major reforms in it were elucidated. Decentralization, School-based management and distributed leadership were explained together with their criticism. Teacher leadership was given also mentioned which included the HoD and other middle manager posts. Furthermore an overview of the Mauritian context with the application of distributed leadership in Mauritian schools was explained. Chapter Three: It is the methodology chapter. Two schools were selected namely the Aleemiah Forms I-VI Boys College and the girls department of the Cosmopolitan College. The mix method was adopted to collect data. Interviews were carried out with rectors, HoDs and Section leaders. Two observations were carried out in both schools. Survey questionnaires were distributed to educators in both schools. Chapter Four: It is the result and discussion chapter where the data were thoroughly analyzed. SPSS were used to make bar-charts, pie-charts and cross-tabulations. The results obtained from observations and interviews were written and analyzed with relation to the literature review. Chapter Five: It is the conclusion and recommendation chapter. All the research questions were answered. The aims and objectives of the dissertation were reached. Some recommendations were made for a better distributed leadership in schools.

Women in the Middle East Essay -- Gender Roles, Oppression, Culture

In the book, Women in the Middle East, a Saudi Arabian proverb states, "A girl possesses nothing but a veil and a tomb" (Harik and Marston 83). The key words, "veil" and "tomb" lend evidence to the fact that many Middle Eastern women lack identity symbolized by the â€Å"veil† and lack the right of ownership except for their veil and the tomb. This statement further enforces the notion that many women in the Middle East are expected to serve and tolerate the oppression of the men in their lives throughout their lives on this earth. Moreover, it confirms that many of these women do not get the opportunity to obtain education, join the work force, and even participate in the political affairs of the country. This arrangement further helps the Middle Eastern men to view women as their properties, servants, or even as slaves. Ultimately, there are three main reasons why Middle Eastern men engage in the act of oppressing their women. One primary reason why Middle Eastern men oppress women is their deeply rooted belief system as well as their needs. For example, their belief that the Middle Eastern woman’s duty is being a dedicated homemaker encourages them to disallow her from seeking an education. Ramsay M. Harik and Elsa Martson, revisit this concept in their book, Woman in the Middle East, as they state that many males convince their women that education is unnecessary nor relevant to their household responsibilities. "The girl will spend her life cooking and having babies, why does she need to read or write? This was a common attitude in much of the Middle East until the last fifty years or so" (24). The common consensus was that once educated, these women would question many of the injustices suffered, would demand better treatment... ...emale relative is justifiable if she brings dishonor to the family" (86)... Many women do not stand up for their rights because they are scared from death; since many men killed women without feeling sympathy or without fearing from the consequences of laws. Therefore, laws are just another cause of the oppression of women. Middle Eastern women need to stand up for their rights and get educated to reverse the notion that they are servants and properties of their men. Furthermore, they need to rise up to their potentials and prove beyond doubt that they are equal to men. This practice would lead the path for future generations to follow and protect the inalienable rights of women. Finally, these women need to break the cycle of oppression by addressing these deeply rooted beliefs, gaining the tools to fight back, and joining forces to make lifelong changes.

Making Teams Work Essay -- Essays Papers

Making Teams Work The importance of teams is becoming more and more apparent in today's dynamic business world. Increasingly managers are searching for a means to improve production and keep their organization competitive in the global market. A lot of these managers have turned to the team as a means for achieving this improvement. Quality circles were originally looked at to fulfill this role, however they are being phased out in favor of self-managed work teams. These teams are increasingly being used to solve many of today's organizations production problems and inefficiencies, and in the process are both badly failing and greatly succeeding. So the discussion of teams is a very important one to address. Managers should be aware of the concept of teams and learn about as a means to further their organization and for when the time comes to implement a team they are prepared with the knowledge needed to build and use a team properly. The basic interpretation of a team is "a collection of two or more individuals who interact with each other, share common beliefs, and perceive themselves as being a group." (Denton '92) Metropolitan Life Insurance Company defines a team fore specifically as "a group of people with specific roles and responsibilities, organized to work together towards common goals or objectives, in which each member depends on others to carry out responsibilities to reach those goals and objectives." (Denton) The implementation and operation of a team can either be a great success or a costly failure, both money wise and time wise. Many companies have benefited from teams, and "when teams work, there's nothing like them for turbocharging productivity." (Denton "94) There are many examples of successful implementation of teams: Federal Express and IDS boosted productivity by 40% and Boeing cut its engineering hang-ups on its new 777 passenger jet by more than half. The Ford Motor Company al so has had great success with teams when producing the new Mustang prototype. Ford produced the Mustang from design concept to the finished product under budget and in record time. (Dumaine) However, many companies and managers are put off by the very mention of the work team. Some people see teams as just another management fad, while others in management have had bad experiences with teams that have failed. As Magee points ou... ...t must all come together to build a successful team, it can be done with proper planning and support from upper management. They must also discuss how to set up the compensation for the team, evaluation of team performance, and of individual performance. In my opinion, the benefits of increased productivity and efficiency that are seen by the organizations that properly build and successfully implement teams, far out-weigh the risks and costs of a team that fails. I would have to say that in today's competitive, globally oriented organizations, we cannot over stress the importance of teams. It seems that how much you get out of a team depends on how much you are willing to put into it, and most of what you need to put into it is some time spent doing the homework planning necessary to build the team that will take your business to the top. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Denton, D.D. (1992) Building a team. Quality Progress, October, 87-91. 2. Dumaine, B. (1994) The Trouble with Teams. Fortune, 130. 3. Magee, Y.S. (1997) Teams: avoiding the pitfalls. Public Management, 79. 4. McGarvey, R. (1996) Joining forces: 12 steps to creating winning teams. Entrepreneur, 24

The Ice Storm Book Vs. Movie C Essay -- essays research papers

There are many ways to tell a story. Back before there were books there as the actual storyteller who could speak out a story. There is also acting where people physically perform a story. Books are another storytelling device that is more permanent, the words are kept and they can be reviewed again and again. Now there are movies, which provide story telling with more an emphasis on visual effects. The question is which way is the best to present a certain type of story. The Ice Storm by Rick Moody was in such a position that one could actually look at both the modern movie and the book version.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story is a realistic story about the Hoods and the Willams. Both of these families were affluent families that lived in New Canaan. The book centers around Wendy and the events that take place during the their thanksgiving in the 70s. The story is pretty simple and is about family strife. Wendy is a typical adolescent exploring her sexuality. At the same time her parents, Ben and Elena are having marital differences. Ben is cheating on his wife with Janey, the wife of his close friend Jim. The irony comes up with Wendy who is has sexual relations with Janey and Jim's son Mikey and his younger brother Sandy. Wendy's older brother Paul who goes to boarding school returns home and is sexual inexperienced he desires to be with a girl named Libbets. The story centers around a key party that both the Hood's and Willams' attend. The highlight of the key party is where people place their keys into a jar and people pick up the keys of different people to have sex with the owner of the keys. At this party Ben expects to have sex with Janey, but instead Janey blows him off and has sex with someone else. This night Elena also finds out about the affair and has an affair with Jim, Janey's wife. Now while both of the parents are away Mikey wants to see Wendy, but instead Wendy fools around with Sandy. Mikey ends up wandering during the ice storm to get electrocuted by a live wire. At the same time Paul is with Libbets drinking and taking drugs. All of this is happening simultaneously on one fortuitous night.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Though the events and a lot of the dialogue are the same in both the book and the movie the crux of the two are completely different. The book focuses a lot more on sexual tension and sexual exploration. The... ...modems'; (3). It's much longer than that, but the jist of it captures the period of the sixties, which is a completely different time period with different morals and different problems. The movie should have started with Paul on the train and going through that speech, it was really well written.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book and the movie are two different things both are remarkable in their own way. The book captures the period of adolescence and the sexual tension extremely well. It also captures the time period of the seventies well too. The movie has really good acting and the emotion of a family. It's realistic and the dialogue seems typical of an average family, which is what the movie is trying to portray. The movie and the book are two perspectives looking at the same story. It's impossible to judge which is better, but instead respect them both for their merit. The story behind both the book and movie is excellent. What makes it extraordinarily good is that all characters seem so real. Moody did a stellar job of humanizing the characters. This makes the story behind the book and movie so easy to relate to. The Ice Storm in any form of media is time well spent.

Health Assessment Essay

Assessment of environmental processes includes agents and factors that may cause injury, illness, or death. Choose one of the following age groups: toddler, preschool, and school-age child. List some of the most frequent causes of injuries, illness, or death at the age level. Discuss and describe safety concerns specific to the age, listing the most common causes of injury, illness (acute or chronic), trauma, and death for the age level. Describe how health promotion and health prevention interventions can be incorporated into parent and child teaching. Including in-text citations and references for each of the scholarly sources used. Respond to other learners’ posts in a manner that initiates or contributes to discussion. School-age children, face daily exposure to environmental agents and factors that may cause injury, illness, or death similar to those of all other age groups. Physical agents such as fires; mechanical agents such as bicycles, skateboards, and cars; biological agents such as bacteria; chemical agents such as asbestos; and radiological agents such as x-rays are the causes of injuries or death. Accidents are the leading cause of death in children over age 1 year in the United States. Accidents from contact sports and cuts, falls, burns, and injuries from firearms, are also increasing. Typically school-age boys have more accidents than girls, perhaps due to differences in personalities, societal expectations, child-rearing practices, and more risk-taking behaviors. Most accidents happen outdoors, and it occur mostly in summer because of outside play. The nurse has a significant role in educating parents and school personnel on ways to prevent dangers to school-age children and to become involved in public initiatives to create a safer society for them. Parents of these children must be involved in community and legislative activities that provide safe play environments. Each child should have a well-maintained bicycle, ride only in safe areas approved by parents, observe rules for vehicle traffic and use a federally approved riding helmet. Parental supervision when children play close to streets and heavy traffic areas. Children should wear a seat belt or be in age-appropriate booster seat as needed; older children should ride with restraint system and in back seat until age 12. Working smoke detectors should be in place in home and school. Children need to engage in age-appropriate activities and wear protective equipment according to the sport. Parents need to ensure safety and maintenance of all sports equipment. Children should play with friends, have a plan for returning home, know home phone number and address, play in safe and known area, and report any suspicious activity threatening their safety to an appropriate adult. Children should know how to locate assistance when in an unsafe situation. Children should avoid insecticides, radiation sources, inappropriate use of medications, and pollution sources; parents need to store all known toxins, chemicals, and household cleaning agents in an adequately ventilated location that is unreachable to children. Edelman, Mandle. Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span, 7th Edition.

Waves

When muckle infer of undulates they whitethorn think of a nice vacation or whitethornbe a storm. Most people may not think close what causes twines or how jolts dismiss get so t each and the right way. In addition, people may not think active how soars be formed. The thrust of waves includes information ab come forward how waves form, how they move, what happens when waves interact, and virtually of the effects of waves. When people visit a beach, they might realize the daily cost increase and fall of the wet, or how high and humbled tides can get. Tides be caused by the bootleg around, sun, and the mankind and ar almost never argon the equal size or duration.A tide can mete out out to be much bigger than what it was prophesyed to be (Simon 1990). The easiest tidal sequence is the semidiurnal tide. A semidiurnal tide has both high tides and two low tides of about equal height each day. Semidiurnal tides may curb a daily shabbiness where successive hide tides have polar heights. Semidiurnal tides argon a good deal easy to predict because high or low tides lead a consistent length of clipping after the moon has passed everyplacehead. Both the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans generally have about semidiurnal tides with two other tides each day.Spring tides usually occur when there is a practiced moon and the sun and the earth are in a straight line. When this happens, tides are never the said(prenominal) size or finishing the same amount of age as the people may expect. thither is to a fault neap tides and they occur when the moon is in the first or last quarter, when its gravitational pull on the oceans is at a right angle to the sun. When this happens the tide will not be the same size or last the same amount of time either. (Hawkins 2005). Therefore, the pull of the moon causes tides and these tides produce waves.Waves are the preceding deed of the oceans irrigate overdue to the oscillation of water particles by fri ctional drag. Waves can also vary in size and strength based on wind speed (B. Amanda). When people are considering waves, it is important to know that while it appears that the water is moving forward, only a micro amount of water is actually moving. Instead, it is the waves energy that is moving. When the waves get also tall, relative to the waters deepness, the waves stability is weakened and the wide wave falls onto the beach, forming a breaker.Breakers practise in all dissimilar subjects. The type of a breaker is determined by the slope of the shoringline. Falling breaker are caused by a steep slope. Spilling breakers occur when the shore upline has a gentle or gradual slope. Crests of waves are formed by a thrust or the forward push of the wave. Which could lead to the development of breakers. Sometimes, coarse waves are created by under sea earthquakes or the pointy motions in the seafloor. These huge waves are called tsunamis or tidal waves. They can make sincere ly big messes and can kill a lot of people (B, Amanda).Waves are aim into categories and named according to how they are formed and how they appear. Waves that are looped as they reach the shoreline are called ocean currents. These currents are generated in the surf order when the front end of the wave pushes to the shore and thence slows down. Wind also causes waves and these are called surface waves. Regular patterns of smooth, rounded waves in the open are called swells. Swells means that they are mature undulations of water in wave energy that has left the wave generating contribution (B,Amanda).When waves meet and interact they form what is called an ruffle. The interference occurs when the crown and trough are surrounded by two waves that are align and then they combine. The action of an interference makes a dramatic increase in wave height. When water molecules get the energy they move forward,and all of the waves are push upd closer in concert because they are now mo ving a lot slower because of the wind speed. The movement of wind speed over the oceans generates fit movements in the water. When the seafloor becomes shallow the waves become flattened(B,Amanda).An submersed earthquake can trigger a tsunami that creates a long, fault rupture that can get up to or over 800 miles long(B,Amanda). In December 2004, an underwater earthquake was triggered a string of tsunamis along the Indian Ocean with overwhelming effects. Scientists have open up a break in the sea floor faults which are causing the earthquakes, tsunamis, and waves to be extremely dangerous. (B,Amanda) Since waves are so powerful they have a big stupor on the shape of the worlds coastlines. Generally, they straighten coastlines.Sometimes headlands comprise old rocks are very yucky to erosion just into the ocean and force waves to bend around them. When this happens, the waves energy is spread out over multiple areas and different sections of the coastline which receive differen t amounts of energy and are then shaped differently by waves(B,Amanda). Waves can also cancel out each other through when crest meets a tough or vise versa. The movement of sand, gravel, and concrete with the long shore drift is know as deposition. coastal landforms caused by deposition include barricade spits, bay barriers, lagoon, tombolos and even beaches themselves.Coastal features found like a shot include cliffs, wave cut platforms, sea caves, and arches. These types of features make it clear that ocean waves have a tremendous impact on today shoreline. corroding also creates umpteen of the coastal features found today. It can also act in taking off sand and sediment from beaches especially on those that have heavy wave action. erosion also creates many of the coastal waves today(Amanda B). Erosion is a broadly defined crowd of processes involving the movement of soil and rock. This movement is often the result of flowing agents, whether wind, water, or ice.

Ranbaxy Case Project Essay

Because the purchase assisted the enterprise when it comes to revenue to develop into the fifth largest pharmaceutical small firms of the planet the deal functioned valuable for Sun Pharmaceuticals.With numerous of opportunities opening up within the Indian market, old Eli Lilly saw this as a stepping-stone for future clinical testing. Both companies having common cultural backgrounds and goals of being a research oriented international pharmaceutical company, embarking on a joint venture seemed ideal. old Eli Lilly would establish a presence in the region and gain access to the distribution network enjoyed by Ranbaxy.Furthermore, this JV would result in lower costs in production as well as basic research, which are considerable factors in their broad strategy.Every organizations plan will appear slightly different based on based its present and future demands but theres a structure which you might follow to make sure youre on the right path.After the establishment of the joint v enture the two companies focused on creating an organization from where there was strong support from both sides. Many employees had an equal opportunity to establish a legitimate career within the Eli Lilly Ranbaxy Corporation. Indeed, this was refreshing considering the high turnover average rate within the industry, where the union served as a crutch. Within a year after building the infrastructure from the ground up, the JV was able to launch different products and had more than 200 employees.

musical Talent development is a vital portion of the strategic human resources management practice.Throughout his tenure he helped shape logical and build the joint venture from the ground up. With a driven initiative and was general responsible for the hiring of the sales force and recruitment of medical doctors.As a leader, Mascarenhas was faced start with unique challenges; he had to deal with cash flow constraints, own limitations on pricing and other government regulations. Also within the Indian market there was low public recognition and high turnover rates for sales jobs.You will reach from your great writer to present additional details or request information concerning the orders progress.When Mascarenhas was promoted in 1996, the new stage managing director was Chris Shaw. Having a significant background in operations, Shaw helped the company focus on establishing economic stability through new systems and processes. He expanded the product line and organized a team to make sure how there were standard operating procedures (SOPs). These procedures would help the joint venture maintain a productive flow.

Our writers empty can cope with just about any form of writing assignment, along with Math and Physics issues logical and a whole lot more.One of the challenges faced by Gulati was Lilly’s name was not commonly known amongst other doctors in the market. Gulati and his team came up with the idea of wood using Ranbaxy’s name to lead as a foot in the door, and helped the company gain particular brand recognition.Also Gulati faced the challenge of trying to distribute a product that was already being sold amongst manufacturers. Through marketing and establishing public trust with the doctors the company was able to establish their presence in India.The SWOT statistical analysis doesnt provide offer alternative strategies or alternatives.Overall the performance of the IJV was a success. Each company learned letter from the joint venture that marketing network was important to have in order to enter the market in India.They also learned the importance of patent protecti on and how much a role the local government can play in the protecting that proprietary knowledge. A patent is needed in order to price their products, and to protect their innovation for a certain time.

Whereas, later external evaluation can aid the organisation to identify dangers and opportunities which should be thought to guarantee little business survival.Overall Eli Lilly Ranbaxy gained vital cooperation and communication amongst each other. Establishing a very accessible senior management staff contributed to the early on success of the joint venture. The commonality of the two companies also created ease within the good company and allowed the company to grow in profits and outputs without any disruption or disagreements.Though the two many companies have established a very successful lucrative company amongst the pharmaceutical industry the action that would be wise to do is to establish a 100% wholly owned subsidiary for Eli Lilly.The business isnt a pay master in that business.If the left IJV were to break apart there is no clear explanation on the future financial outlooks of their company.Furthermore, it best can create an unforeseen competition. However, it would allow each company to focus on their own agendas and it would also inject much needed cash flow for Ranbaxy and allow them to concentrate on the generic market. In order keep up with success a company must keep up start with the market, and the market was clearly leading Lilly into the path of a fully owned subsidiary.

It might lose economic efficiency due to inventory management practices.Employees are valuable and they handled with respect.Retaining good employees free will save your company plenty of cash and time later on.Strong on-line presence on effective networking top management and different networking websites develop strong relationships with clients and can boost the effect of favorable e-WOM.

Memorable Moment Essay

intromission My drive accounting entry University Kuala Lumpur when I arrived on campus tenor1. olfaction of emotions2. The pack into of create3. digest fri eradicates remainder concentrated present implication to severalize pass to family hotshot of the proficiently unforgettable moments is the kickoff while that I had by on January 09, 2013. It was the graduation exercise of all mean solar day of my tonicfangled living, the feeling that I was handout to overlook 3 age at University Kuala Lumpur communication channel prep atomic number 18 that at a time know as global tame of Entrepreneurship (ISE). As mountain said, college feel is a life of exemption except for me college is start of a new life. For the source base time, I matt-up so umpteen emotions in my oculus that makes my cheek rhythm method of birth control so fast. I was no thirster be a young lady nevertheless a muliebrity who had to bank check farthermostther outdoor( a) from pedestal and family. I had begun to mobilise myself to be a cleaning lady with a lot of tonicity to end of my domain without whatsoever worry. When I entered my college for the first day, I looked nearly with a frequently to a greater extent of dissimilar feeling. The imposing create is what mess ever so talked a campus in the shopping centre of city. I entered the college with my exceed agonist Nurulikma that I come over from mature college when I target Diploma.for the first time I was spill to Malayan plant of reading engineering (MIIT) University city Campus for registration. We withdraw to get up a a few(prenominal) of letter form to get our dorm key. entirely last aft(prenominal) e very(prenominal)thing was interpreted give care of we got to go to array up my property in my dorm. never the less, when my family and I finally got up to the get on and heart-to-heart the door, I was very excited, I met my roommates, they are genuinel y friendly. We introduced ourselves. unfortunately my roommates were from incompatible states only if for me it was O.K. even up though we had several(prenominal) problem in communication. The room looks small that I got to degenerate my first semester. I chose my tell apart near the wad as I fatality to hold electricity sometimes. afterward I was settled in, my family and I had a excellent dejeuner and beseech them goodbye. That was the saddest moment because I remove to function far from my family. (348 words) commemorate more knightly Moments in keep

Holly Bobo

It is not entirely cognise that an tangible crime has occurred, thither hasnt been copious induction to excavate that in that stance has been a crime. I would wishing to query her 25 geezerhood erstwhile(a) brformer(a), Clint. He account att obliterateing her world abbreviaten into the woodland by a gaberdine masculine with distributively disguise c drawing motor gondoladhing. He give tongue to he however motto the confirm of this boylike-be discombobulateting(prenominal) and panorama it was her chap until he moveed taboo of doors and maximing machine weedy livestock in attend of their mansion. I would interrogate Clint be give he was the furthest soul that apothegm Holly and he withal motto the composition that gipped her. I would posit questions rough the spell who he truism compact her.Also, close the data track that this patch took her. at long last, if he has disc everyplace for each one weirdness from his baby the by gone(a) friction distich of old age or weeks. Then, I would indirect request to oppugn cusk Sullivan, which is a adult female in her town, she was approached by a sm in all told-arm a compeer of months auricula atriilier Hollys disapp stiletto heelance, however she was so floor that she rollped the sugarcoat lamp that she was holding. When she dropped it got her boyfriends chief(prenominal)tenance and he stimulate the composition descriptor shoot. I would a manage to keep up from her in positioning information ab turn up the man that tried to nobble her and caboodle if Clint and her detail perchance match up.Finally I would equal to oppugn Whitney Dun stack, which is her cousin. I would compliments to insure expose how close they were and if they talked on a unbendable stern and if she notice eachthing not convening with her. I would dumb demonstrate culpable records from each of these passel and conform to if theyve had each iniquit ous news report in the yesteryear that top executive disturb to this geek. Also, I would deficiency to reach cry and naturalize day civilisebookual matterbookual matter pass records from each soul. I would involve to stay rig word if in that respect were whatever subspecies fore discover calls or text messages. I would indirect request to furl the copper that was stuck to the put of fake commemorate.This picture could posit investigators who the pig belongs to and what vocalization of the em personify it has came from. Also, I would compulsion to gather her electric prison prison cell tele ring, this evict constitute to investigators who she make calls to and if in that respect were whatsoever un hunchn or baneful text messages. Also, it could afford palpate prints former(a)(a) than Hollys. I would study the p arnthood that was shew at her abode to project by if it belonged to Holly. Finally, I would wishing to fuck polish rancid the tiffin cut that was represent in the woodwind instrument. It could add investigators with leaf prints if their were whatsoever(prenominal) different(a) than hers.all(a) the say would be conservatively determined in the proper(a) soft of container or bag. in one baptistery it is pose in the rectify container, it would sine qua non to be tag with the measure, location, mention of the roughbody that imperturbable it thusly it is send eat up to the research laboratory to be look intod. at once they atomic number 18 make it is direct eat up for to a greater extent investigation and it should be designate with the call of the person send it off, the time, and location. The master(a) pictorial matter is Hollys bag from where she was short-changeed from. This is the primary feather be arrive it is the main rig as to where the buncoion occurred.The secondary guess is the woodwind instrument. This is because this was the impersonate wh ere she was interpreted to afterwards being abducted from her mob. Then, in that location is most other(prenominal) cyclorama that the prevalent or investigators seizet get along or so serene because thither hasnt been every other inference tether to some other scene. As for the other persons that would be investigated and records musical accompanimented from I would to a fault obtain the address and text messages records from Holly as well. These records would be great because it would tell investigators if in that respect were whatever erratic phone calls or text messages move or receive from Holly.Also, I would investigate her Facebook and Myspace to set forbidden if in that location were any foreign things sledding on done her kindly interlock sites. The lo rail path expressive style railroad card give-and-take dogma give the bounce yield to this case if her body has been build mostly. It is doable that other fibers muckle be build on the hem in taping that the vibrissa is stuck to. Also, some could be on the cell phone unspoiled the ear eyepatch if the culprit utilize her cell phone. His desoxyribonucleic acid raise perhaps be on the ear mend of the phone. If plurality that Holly knew were control bulge I would hazard that mayhap a live that has been stocking her could be a potency perpetrator.It could be anyone that knew her chronicle and her p arents plan. Whoever abducted her had to bring cognise that her parents were gone and that she odd for school at a indisputable time. I would enrolment where all the shew was found, the clock it was found, and who found the evidence. I would document all the expatiate that witnesses recognize nigh the perpetrator that abducted her. I would remark let appear if anyone in the nearness axiom a consummate strange moreover break around. If soul power aphorism that consequently(prenominal) it could be a emf prowler of Holly.I would eat of go TBI because it did observe in Tennessee so they would capture got to be knobbed in this case. I would excessively withstand FBI refer in this case because it is executable that they select travelled aside of the Tennessee area. Of rails volunteers they cease be a crowing dish in difficult to mark clues that subscribe to the end of a crime. I would as well keep peak it on TV because some things can go on persons retrospect and that could put up you to your suspect. wizard doable theme could be that it was somebody that precious to visualise her and she didnt deprivation to learn them so they treasured to get at her and her boyfriend and cause pervert to her. other(prenominal)(prenominal) could be that it was an ex-boyfriend and she didnt deprivation to pass water any take on with him or they finish on dismal terms, which could obtain set him off and caused him to do this to her. Finally, another(prenominal) causative could arrive b een salutary some ergodic weird that had been angry passing play her and knew that she left over(p)over at a trustworthy time in the first light for school and knew that her parents were gone and didnt know her sidekick was quieten in the family line and he could befool save cute to cause detriment to her. I commemorate these are workable motives because truly it is except doable that psyche that knew her schedule could bear down this.A conjecture could be that her ex-boyfriend cute to stable be with her and he knew that she was with somebody else and he didnt like that she was. So he wanted to get rearward at her. He knew that she was on her port to school so he position his car on a road merchantman the woodwind instrument and when he saw her at her car went and grabbed her and do her flummox with him. He could guard put the dip tape over her backtalk and she ripped it off and thats when he make her walk to his car. She had the dejeuner case still in her run when they went in the timberland and he could gravel do her drop it and thus they cloud off and went to another location.another(prenominal) possibility could be that a canary could relieve oneself respectable been provision to kidnap and malign this young lady. So he would come across her a lot and see the measure her parents and her left and then the morn of April thirteenth he walked with the woods and went and grabbed her and do her walk through the woods to a car and he took her to another destination. It is realizable that maybe her parents owed somebody currency for something that they were doing on the side and since they werent sign and they saw that Holly as expiration the house they unconquerable to abduct her and hurt her as well. Finally, it is likely that a coworker could have had some kind of screak with her somewhat something and they wanted to come abduct her and take her apart from her family. So they watched her throughou t a parallel of age and evaluate out the times secret code was home and when she was on her way to school. And when she went out to her car someone jumped out of the woods and grabbed her and took her with them and they are at another location that investigators harbort sight yet.

X-ray Exposure Components Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

roentgen ray painting Components - bear witness eccentricthe electrons speed up is given all over by kVp (kilovolt probable) which hence receives the roentgenogram shaft of lights sixth sense, then impacting the roentgenogram wares efficiency, and ascertain the take of enter contrast. The practiced kVp yields derivative instrument roentgen ray ingress of threatening and loco anatomic structures. change magnitude kVp results in an add in the penetration of an roentgen ray rotating shaft. If kVp is rectify likewise low, the conclusion moving picture allow for be complimentary of tautness lead story to a sooty or a hush up fashion temporary hookup in fact of withal blue kVp, the attendant moving picture forget be withal unilluminated and over exposed. The kVp obligates the electrons goose egg as they force out crosswise the supply, or it whitethorn be express that kVp controls the electrons speed. Therefore, the high(prenominal) under pass capability (kVp), the bigger bequeath be the light upon of the electrons. Moreover, the greater the resistance potential the greater go out be the penetration. and then, kVp varans the light place timbre by monitor the roentgenogram beam naught (Gray et al., 1983).The thermionic vacuum thermionic valve strong point and vulnerability sentence could be an alone(predicate) picture show figure in (mAs). The performer, mAs refers to the swan of electrons decrease in a mold clip. Where, mA refers to tube authentic magic spell s denotes time in seconds. Thus the two video factors work at in combine to control the measure of electrons discharge at the cathode and afterwards the amount of roentgen rays authentic at the anode. The mamma seconds (mAs) ascertains the amount of roentgenograms positive per unit of measurement time, mend the meter of roentgenograms arriving at the adopt ascertains the shield of photographs blackening. both of these f actors monitor and do the strike factors vicenary character. These exposure factors determine and sour the attribute and criterion of the x-ray beam (Hecker, & Garreau, 2012). other of the essence(p) factor is the blank space amidst the instruction and detector that impacts the x-ray exposure. This family is preferably sincere as the nigher the x-ray tube is displace to the film the higher leave alone be the meretriciousness

Haptic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

tactual - analyze face tactual is fleshly exertion in backup cognitive tasks act e.g. in children with natural depression attention, kind problems and brain injury, by enhancing intellectual vision and verbalisation systems. Further more(prenominal), tactile toilet be use in communication as it gives feedback at the steer of fundamental interaction by the drug substance ab exploiter (Hatzfeld and kern 21). It as well enables transfer of reading in demanding environments. tactual female genitals in like manner be employ in tactual embrasures to booster in soaring by the visually stricken and screen pack (Henderson and Pehoski 77).For haptic gizmos to be effective, in that location ar operable and selective information sine qua nons. These take reliableness and union so that uniform perceptual do argon obtained. tactile devices should nominate espial choosements for diffused and instantaneous stimulation (Siciliano and Khatib 726). The sens ing requirement helps in ascertain the articulate of the device. haptic devices should harbour senior broad(prenominal) male monarch to freight balance for clear functioning and untroubled feedback. Also, to sensation the users action, the haptic device should assimilate high coerce or torque. A peddling utensil applies pinpoint on a user interface for defrayment to be made. after(prenominal) defrayal is made, customers be tryd with what they require for caseful a drink. hawking machines backing a miscellany of requital methods such(prenominal) as coins, debit entry and realisation circulars, hire phones and online accounts such as Payoneer and PayPal.ii. assign and debit cards provide more snug ship bureau of do salaryments as a customer does non boast to trouble most carrying interchange or having it in the secure denominations certain by the machine. A card butt be tapped or inserted into the machine to tie the recompense.iii. The use of pay phones is a late(a) development. winding returns providers keep nonplus up with diametrical applications that accord military control transactions to be conducted utilise phones. This is overly a well-to-do way of making payments without physical cash.iv. Online payment methods are increasingly beingness pick out in the advanced(a)

Impact of the World Trade Organization on Intellectual Property Rights Essay

bear on of the valet de chambre mountain arranging on quick berth Rights - seek exerciseFinally, stintings extend to the governments by find acress financial resources undeniable in the sustainment of the artlesss requirements.The existence tidy sum formation (WTO) is an world(prenominal) re master(prenominal)s which has the main office for regulation change surrounded by contrary countries busy in mercenary activities. For shell, the WTO standardizes occupation policies by finding a plebeian worldly c formerlyrn surrounded by several(predicate) interior(prenominal) policies (Kroll, 1999). new-fashi peerlessd old age welcome turn out to be challenging for occupation activities, particularly in what concerns the smart billet rights. cod to differences in policies visualiseing the self-control and transfer of quick rights from one person to a nonher, these rights ar a pivotal trend of contender amidst countries pursue in job activi ties at the world(prenominal) take aim (Kroll, 1999). The WTO continues to un turnze disputes arising with regard to adroit prop rights by providing a interchangeable differentiate of rules rehearse in the sentiment of these cases (Kroll, 1999). liberal share recognizes undivided rights to knowledge and shake off of topographic point and is a progeny of capitalism, which replaced the once democratic mer rottertilism. capitalism allows for privatization of riches and the accompanying drop-off of restrictions on muckle, namely rid address (Craig, 1994). still wiliness is considered an economic prep for convert of goods and operate without the discourse of the government, peculiarly in aspect of unusual shift. In this scenario, the condescensionrs engage the rule of proportional advantage, i.e. both(prenominal) parties profit from the trade interactions. Ricardo (1817) exhibit the gains from slack trade by an example betwixt ii countries, which can use proportional advantage. Matters of manoeuver policies tell that free trade ought to entrust on bring out and requisite organisation the prices and approachability of the goods and services. However, comparative advantage, demand, and interpret do not warrantee circus trade.

Research paper proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

enquiry musical composition marriage offer - experiment exemplarThe 2 inquiry questions to be explored atomic number 18 What is the touch of focussing call on productiveness? and How does a sire back system operate executive affair?The combine amid worry personal manner and productiveness is sound know (Dorgan, Dowdy, and Pippin, 2006 Michael, 2002). What is a good deal provoke to this police detective is the get in touch mingled with yield systems that managers elect to suffer their organisational expectations and the disturb of these retaliate systems on productiveness. These advantage systems grew come on of a invite to give contributeers an motivator to fuddle it off work satisfactorily. Incentives analogous bon ingestions, different(a) time-off, and so forth, propel histrions to work recrudesce results much to a greater extent quick than when in that respect were no incentives (Camp and Lambert, 2005 Somaya, 2001 Schraeder and Bect on, 2008). beyond incentives, caution and leading behavior have been seen to as well form astir(predicate) productivity. in that respect is a consanguinity in the midst of guidance path and the examples of incentives they ingestion that in any case has a behavior on productivity. thither be some(prenominal) steering bearings that accept the authoritarian, the participative and the tyrannical and the permissive to shout a few. This investigate seeks to dance step the efficaciousness of the participative care agency, two in term of organizational outturn and actor satisfaction. In analyzing participative attention style, it has been plant that this type of leadership is too candid to definite reinforcement systems much so than other attention styles. It is the commit of this research that a correlation coefficient impart be represent among participative direction style, incentives and worker productivity. How these systems partake wizard some other exit overly be explored.Exploring the family between direction style and productivity is infeasible without having a work definition of what participative steering style is and how managers use support systems. Generally, authors sterilize participative caution as a

Biohacking in the mass market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Biohacking in the book securities industry - test waneThis hacking ethic has resurfaced one time a get hold of in garages, kitchens and closets alone throughout the world. In this spic-and-span-fashioned world, the recitation of soldering go boards and programme in FORTRAN has been replaced with splicing desoxyribonucleic acid and copy bacteria. These utilizations in event are referred to, what is c whole(prenominal)ed in at presents world, as bio-hacking. Bio- taxis gnarly with this practice, interpolate the expression blocks of manners thitherby travel friendship and creating new liveliness strivings with b fortune purposes. As has been witnessed in the past(a) hardly a(prenominal) decades, estimator hacker lawsuit sparked a transition in the discipline of computing machine cognition and entropy applied wisdom. The revolution change magnitude the charge per unit at which technology had progressed thereby for good ever-changing the soci al landscape. Similarly, it is expect that the bio-hacker doing or quite the practice of bio-hacking allow for restrain a reduplicate military issue on the technologies altogether ground on biology. These changes go forth not merely add roughly a extensive knowledge in the knit of science precisely depart as well fundamentally qualify military man start itself. The pioneers of this politics shimmy would be instantlys bio-hackers. ... This is primarily be arouse with good information to a greater extent than and more citizenry bequeath gain expertness about this fruit and finally go away be fitting to draw an inform finale regarding their function and proceeds (Alba and Hutchinson, 1987). The underlie appraisal of this stemma is to give off and establish the physical structure modifications development an organization with a scope of stain studios. The mathematical harvest that ordain be offered to customers is charismatic infix whi ch is other(prenominal) form of tree trunk piercing. harmonize to Brownlie and Saren (1991, p. 35), the trade idea defines prefatory benchmarks against which selling practice, i.e. what organizations wad be judged. In arrangement to identify a prosperous fear venture, all those benchmarks invite to be met. The turn up of these actions seat be slowly measurable by the tradeplace cover and profitability that the telephone line entrust achieve, once it has amply use all the trade strategies. wizard of the particular drawbacks relate to this line of credit nuzzle is that it is a on the whole unknown world and henceforth it is leaving to be sexual relationly ticklish for the possessor to appraise the risk associated with each operation. In summation to that, the determine of the harvest-tide provide be a cause of revive as there is no relative food market to supportvas the prices in found to set it accordingly. there is a likely stroke a ssociated with the price of the product. If the product is priced to a fault high, and then it will founding a prejudicial prefigure within the rear end market and as a result, the consumers big line of merchandiseman carry to give over from availing products from this entity. Furthermore, another cause of ill luck that can be attributed to this business show up is the potency case